I started writing this blog to discuss important topics for 2012 mains exam...- Girish.
Wednesday 20 June 2012
Important Questions and answers
From Now onwards we should discuss few Probable questions and answers under this section. If you have few questions then you may post them in Comments.
Currently more than half of the population of India is earning near about poverty level income. With liberalisation and opening up of the economy to private sector there is increasing concentration of wealth in few hands. Thus impacts of growth are not spreading equally throughout the population, leaving the lower income earning population vulnerable to many problems resulting from poverty and lack of resources. Being a citizen of country, everyone enjoys equal right over available resources. However many of them are denied access due to their critical circumstances. In such situation it becomes the duty of the government to ensure the basic rights of all citizens through legislations for bringing equality and sharing the effects of growth with all. Various rights based legislations considered by the government are- 1. The Right To Education Act: It guarantees free and compulsory elementary education for all children between the ages of 6-14 years. Thus it is aimed at increasing literacy levels among children by providing them access to learning facilities. 2. Right to Food has been considered through National Food security bill to combat the challenges of hunger, starvation, malnutrition and food insecurity. 3. The Right to Information Act is aimed at ensuring accountability and transparency in government work. However these acts are likely to create financial burden due to increased government spending, still they are important to ensure the growth of people from all sections of society.
few xtra points, though not directly related to q but yes, can be used in answering right based question.
• For long, the issue of human rights was divided into civil and political rights that are justiciable and socioeconomic rights that are non-justiciable. Similarly, the Indian Constitution has ‘directive principles’ which are considered principles of governance but these are judicially non-binding. Since late 1970s, the Indian judiciary has issued broad interpretations on justiciable rights, particularly the right to life and right to nondiscrimination. By interpreting the directive principles with these fundamental rights, the judiciary started to give binding directions on various socioeconomic rights to the government.
• A rights-based approach to development is a conceptual framework for the process of human development that is normatively based on international human rights standards and operationally directed to promoting and protecting human rights……. Essentially, a rights-based approach integrates the norms, standards and principles of the international human rights system into the plans, policies and processes of development… The principles include equality and equity, accountability, empowerment and participation. A rights-based approach to development includes the following elements: an express linkage to rights, accountability, empowerment, participation, nondiscrimination and attention to vulnerable groups.
• Rights-based approaches are comprehensive in their consideration of the full range of indivisible, interdependent and interrelated rights: civil, cultural, economic, political and social. This calls for a development framework with sectors that mirror internationally guaranteed rights, thus covering, for example, health, education, housing, justice administration, personal security and political participation.
• Rights-based approaches focus on raising levels of accountability in the development process by identifying claim-holders (and their entitlements) and corresponding dutyholders (and their obligations). In this regard, they look both at the positive obligations of duty-holders (to protect, promote and provide) and at their negative obligations (to abstain from violations). They take into account the duties of the full range of relevant actors, including individuals, States, local organizations and authorities, private companies, aid donors and international institutions.
Inflation during fy 2010-11 was basically due to coare grain where as during fy 2011-12 it was basically due to items like meat, milk fish etc i mean items which had high protien so v call it protien inflation. one of the main reason for such inflation is programme like negra which has raised purchasing capacity of poor.
from single digit figure, wpi went upto 10.5 which kept the avg of wpi during fy 2010-11 to a a high level of 9.5 but after rbi efforts to arrest inflation, it was moderated n came down to 6.5 figure during feb 2012. thr were few signs of hope that govt wud be able to kp in prescribed band i mean targeted inflation but few external events also adversly affected it like eurozone crisis n falling value of rupee. whatever benefit v cud hav got from falling value of crude oil price in international market were offset by falling rupee so raising fuel price was, one of the nly solution which again in short term contributed to raising inflation. but rbi was successfuly able to manage inflation thru ints rate cuts without increase in unemployment.
For the year of 2011 the WPI remained above 9 percent. Some of the contributory factors for high prices during this period include • (a) higher primary articles prices driven by vegetables, eggs, meat, and fish due to changing dietary pattern of consumers; • (b) increasing global commodity prices especially metal and chemical prices which ultimately led to higher domestic manufactured prices; International food inflation was also well above domestic food inflation and • (c) persistently high international crude petroleum prices in the last two years
Inflation started decreasing from Dec 2011 due to • lower food prices, • a global economic slowdown, • lowering of Global commodity prices, • a favourable base effect in prices, • the impact of nearly two years of domestic monetary policy tightening and other measures put in place by the government.
10: Put political might behind the Land Acquisition Bill and convert it into a law that allows those losing their land to get a more-than-fair and long-term compensation, companies to create jobs and wealth.
9: Open pipelines to infrastructure development. To prevent allegations of corruption, establish an independent PPP regulator who’s also effective and not merely a sinecure for ageing bureaucrats.
8: Right to food is important --- no Indian should sleep hungry --- but without agriculture reforms, it would simply burden a slowing economy. For starters, free the farmer from the tyranny of middlemen, by reforming the rent-seeking, anti-farmer mandi system, at least in states governed by the UPA alliance, thereby creating a demonstration effect, where other states would be shamed into following.
7: Pull out the rural people out of agriculture by giving manufacturing a policy push. Create an atmosphere where entrepreneurs are encouraged to set up units that serve the world and which can absorb the surplus labour --- agriculture contributes 14% to GDP but 60% of Indians are dependent on it.
6: Aggressively build a regulatory infrastructure to oversee the urbanisation that will follow as the world's largest migration happens over the next 10 years, when people move to India's cities from its villages.
5: Play diplomatic cards to our advantage --- not any superpower's --- and ensure long-term energy security, an essential component for a double-digit growth.
4: Create political consensus on three key reforms --- one, Goods and Services Taxes Bill to ensure tax efficiency; two, Direct Taxes Code Bill, that will end all uncertainty on taxes; and three, allow foreign large retailers to come in by opening the sector to foreign direct investment.
3: Show global capital a little more respect. Reserve the right to make retrospective tax laws --- as all nations do --- but don't use it until India achieves a scale where it can afford to, a GDP of say $5 trillion.
2: Bite the bullet on interest rates and cut them drastically, so financial costs don't deter companies from expanding and households from continuing to drive the GDP growth through India’s famed consumption story.
1: Finally, deliver better governance. Let not the greed of the few overshadow the needs of the many. Make corruption a zero-tolerance zone.
Girish ! i blv that while cliking on link "imp question" this page should get opened up and no of articles thr shown as '1' always put ur readers off n they mgt feel as if nothing new hav been added up.
Two ways to deal with this... either i copy paste your question and and answers from reply in a new article under Important questions topic or you become the author of this blog and post your questions as a new article yourself... which one do you prefer...
i dont wanaa commit to post as u know d reasons...thr will be a tendency to post then... already feeling very tight in optinoals.. i write off n on to encourage u...
Sudan crisis (i.e Arab-african conflict) is seems to be important for exam
ReplyDeleteQ. Right based legislations in India and their need?
ReplyDeletekindly ans.
Currently more than half of the population of India is earning near about poverty level income. With liberalisation and opening up of the economy to private sector there is increasing concentration of wealth in few hands. Thus impacts of growth are not spreading equally throughout the population, leaving the lower income earning population vulnerable to many problems resulting from poverty and lack of resources.
DeleteBeing a citizen of country, everyone enjoys equal right over available resources. However many of them are denied access due to their critical circumstances. In such situation it becomes the duty of the government to ensure the basic rights of all citizens through legislations for bringing equality and sharing the effects of growth with all. Various rights based legislations considered by the government are-
1. The Right To Education Act: It guarantees free and compulsory elementary education for all children between the ages of 6-14 years. Thus it is aimed at increasing literacy levels among children by providing them access to learning facilities.
2. Right to Food has been considered through National Food security bill to combat the challenges of hunger, starvation, malnutrition and food insecurity.
3. The Right to Information Act is aimed at ensuring accountability and transparency in government work.
However these acts are likely to create financial burden due to increased government spending, still they are important to ensure the growth of people from all sections of society.
Please add few more important points that you may think relevant to the question...
Deletefew xtra points, though not directly related to q but yes, can be used in answering right based question.
ReplyDelete• For long, the issue of human rights was divided into civil and political rights that are justiciable and socioeconomic rights that are non-justiciable. Similarly, the Indian Constitution has ‘directive principles’ which are considered principles of governance but these are judicially non-binding. Since late 1970s, the Indian judiciary has issued broad interpretations on justiciable rights, particularly the right to life and right to nondiscrimination. By interpreting the directive principles with these fundamental rights, the judiciary started to give binding directions on various socioeconomic rights to the government.
• A rights-based approach to development is a conceptual framework for the process of human development that is normatively based on international human rights standards and operationally directed to promoting and protecting human rights……. Essentially, a rights-based approach integrates the norms, standards and principles of the international human rights system into the plans, policies and processes of development… The principles include equality and equity, accountability, empowerment and participation. A rights-based approach to development includes the following elements: an express linkage to rights, accountability, empowerment, participation, nondiscrimination and attention to vulnerable groups.
• Rights-based approaches are comprehensive in their consideration of the full range of indivisible, interdependent and interrelated rights: civil, cultural, economic, political and social. This calls for a development framework with sectors that mirror internationally guaranteed rights, thus covering, for example, health, education, housing, justice administration, personal security and political participation.
• Rights-based approaches focus on raising levels of accountability in the development process by identifying claim-holders (and their entitlements) and corresponding dutyholders (and their obligations). In this regard, they look both at the positive obligations of duty-holders (to protect, promote and provide) and at their negative obligations (to abstain from violations). They take into account the duties of the full range of relevant actors, including individuals, States, local organizations and authorities, private companies, aid donors and international institutions.
Q. Furnish pattern of inflation in last two years and show that Govt efforts are less than suffice?
ReplyDeleteInflation during fy 2010-11 was basically due to coare grain where as during fy 2011-12 it was basically due to items like meat, milk fish etc i mean items which had high protien so v call it protien inflation. one of the main reason for such inflation is programme like negra which has raised purchasing capacity of poor.
ReplyDeletefrom single digit figure, wpi went upto 10.5 which kept the avg of wpi during fy 2010-11 to a a high level of 9.5 but after rbi efforts to arrest inflation, it was moderated n came down to 6.5 figure during feb 2012. thr were few signs of hope that govt wud be able to kp in prescribed band i mean targeted inflation but few external events also adversly affected it like eurozone crisis n falling value of rupee. whatever benefit v cud hav got from falling value of crude oil price in international market were offset by falling rupee so raising fuel price was, one of the nly solution which again in short term contributed to raising inflation. but rbi was successfuly able to manage inflation thru ints rate cuts without increase in unemployment.
Some more relevant info. from eco survey.
DeleteFor the year of 2011 the WPI remained above 9 percent. Some of the contributory factors for high prices during this period include
• (a) higher primary articles prices driven by vegetables, eggs, meat, and fish due to changing dietary pattern of consumers;
• (b) increasing global commodity prices especially metal and chemical prices which ultimately led to higher domestic manufactured prices; International food inflation was also well above domestic food inflation and
• (c) persistently high international crude petroleum prices in the last two years
Inflation started decreasing from Dec 2011 due to
• lower food prices,
• a global economic slowdown,
• lowering of Global commodity prices,
• a favourable base effect in prices,
• the impact of nearly two years of domestic monetary policy tightening and other measures put in place by the government.
Ten Ideas to get the train on track again:-
ReplyDelete10: Put political might behind the Land Acquisition Bill and convert it into a law that allows those losing their land to get a more-than-fair and long-term compensation, companies to create jobs and wealth.
Delete9: Open pipelines to infrastructure development. To prevent allegations of corruption, establish an independent PPP regulator who’s also effective and not merely a sinecure for ageing bureaucrats.
8: Right to food is important --- no Indian should sleep hungry --- but without agriculture reforms, it would simply burden a slowing economy. For starters, free the farmer from the tyranny of middlemen, by reforming the rent-seeking, anti-farmer mandi system, at least in states governed by the UPA alliance, thereby creating a demonstration effect, where other states would be shamed into following.
7: Pull out the rural people out of agriculture by giving manufacturing a policy push. Create an atmosphere where entrepreneurs are encouraged to set up units that serve the world and which can absorb the surplus labour --- agriculture contributes 14% to GDP but 60% of Indians are dependent on it.
6: Aggressively build a regulatory infrastructure to oversee the urbanisation that will follow as the world's largest migration happens over the next 10 years, when people move to India's cities from its villages.
5: Play diplomatic cards to our advantage --- not any superpower's --- and ensure long-term energy security, an essential component for a double-digit growth.
4: Create political consensus on three key reforms --- one, Goods and Services Taxes Bill to ensure tax efficiency; two, Direct Taxes Code Bill, that will end all uncertainty on taxes; and three, allow foreign large retailers to come in by opening the sector to foreign direct investment.
3: Show global capital a little more respect. Reserve the right to make retrospective tax laws --- as all nations do --- but don't use it until India achieves a scale where it can afford to, a GDP of say $5 trillion.
2: Bite the bullet on interest rates and cut them drastically, so financial costs don't deter companies from expanding and households from continuing to drive the GDP growth through India’s famed consumption story.
1: Finally, deliver better governance. Let not the greed of the few overshadow the needs of the many. Make corruption a zero-tolerance zone.
Ref HT
Girish ! i blv that while cliking on link "imp question" this page should get opened up and no of articles thr shown as '1' always put ur readers off n they mgt feel as if nothing new hav been added up.
ReplyDeleteTwo ways to deal with this... either i copy paste your question and and answers from reply in a new article under Important questions topic or you become the author of this blog and post your questions as a new article yourself... which one do you prefer...
Deletei dont wanaa commit to post as u know d reasons...thr will be a tendency to post then... already feeling very tight in optinoals.. i write off n on to encourage u...
ReplyDeleteaaronr404142@gmail.com
ReplyDeletesend me invitation..
anti-corruption laws and measures in British India?
ReplyDelete